Lid-driven cavity

The lid-driven cavity test problem has been used for a long time as a simple verification test for computational fluid dynamics codes. First described by \citet{Burggraf66}, the fluid is contained in a square cavity with Dirchlet boundary conditions on all four sides. The top wall moves with some velocity $U$ while the other three walls are stationary. The solution reaches a laminar steady-state whose properties can be compared with a huge amount of existing data. The canonical database is given by \citet{Ghia82} who report detailed information on the velocity fields as well as the streamline and vorticity contours at various Reynolds numbers. More accurate data is reported by \citet{Botella98}, \citet{Erturk05}, and \citet{Bruneau06}.